For seven years, the floor-to-ceiling windows at the back of Pam Steinhagen's Lakeville house have often been filled with an unlikely view: a long line of parked railroad cars.
In warm weather, some of the cars have filled with stagnant water, attracting swarms of mosquitoes. When they're moved from one stretch of track to another, they can block the neighborhood's only exit. And teenagers often test their luck climbing up to sunbathe or running down the line of cars, jumping the gaps as they go.
"Basically, this is a rail yard," said Theresa Johnson, Steinhagen's neighbor. "It's just a matter of time before someone gets hurt or killed."
Across the country, lessened demand for products like frac sand has taken freight trains out of commission. In 2015, total U.S. carload traffic was down 6 percent from the year before, according to the Association of American Railroads. The group credits that drop, in part, to declines in the energy and manufacturing industries.
With less demand for trains, rail yards fill up and companies turn to unused stretches of track like the one behind Steinhagen's house for long-term storage. The practice has raised concerns among locals about everything from aesthetics to environmental impact.
The track in Lakeville, which at one time was targeted for a potential county greenway, is owned by Canadian Pacific but operated by a Lakeville company called Progressive Rail. Dave Fellon, the company's president, declined to comment. In 2012, he told the Star Tribune that a sluggish economy was keeping the cars parked.
Railroads fall under federal authority, but there are no safeguards to keep unused cars from languishing in one spot. Minnesota's U.S. Sen. Amy Klobuchar and U.S. Rep. John Kline introduced bills this session that would require rail carriers to have a storage plan approved by the Surface Transportation Board, but neither measure has moved out of committee.
"Federal law just pre-empts this entire field of law, leaving individual citizens and communities completely helpless to railroads that are largely unresponsive to local concerns," said Anders Blewett, an attorney and former Montana legislator who fought against rail car storage along the Missouri River.