"I had been known as Grace," said George Dunkelberger, a 12-year-old from south Minneapolis. "But in my head and heart, I'm a boy."
While George's family accepts his transgender status, their insurance company did not. Their ensuing battle over health care coverage is the type of confrontation that is becoming a cutting-edge legal issue.
From public schools to private enterprise, transgender men and women — and youth — are challenging old restrictions and forcing changes.
"There are more lawsuits featuring transgender people because they realize they have rights and they are equally deserving of protection of the law," says Demoya Gordon, a lawyer who previously worked for Faegre Baker Daniels law firm in Minneapolis and is now associated with Lambda Legal, a national organization that defends LGBT people.
Across the country, the federal Equal Employment Opportunity Commission received 202 claims of discrimination based on gender identity and transgender issues in fiscal year 2014, ending Sept. 30, a jump of 37 percent. Payouts to settle complaints amounted to $540,995 in the last fiscal year, up 178 percent.
The Transgender Law Center in Oakland, Calif., a national advocacy organization, also sees increased interest, from 1,500 calls asking for legal and education information on discrimination issues in 2012, to 2,500 in 2014.
Transgender cases in Minnesota vary from use of public restrooms to employment and medical access.
"I think the law is changing for access to public facilities and I think there will be more changes in the next few years," says Jana O'Leary Sullivan, an attorney with the League of Minnesota Cities.