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Why you need a Roth IRA — even if you have a 401(k)

If you're saving for retirement in a 401(k) or other workplace plan, kudos to you. But don't stop there.

NerdWallet
January 6, 2018 at 8:00PM
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If you're saving for retirement in a 401(k) or other workplace plan, kudos to you. But don't stop there.

Because of their benefits, consider investing in a Roth IRA, too.

Here are three big reasons to do so:

1. Tax-free growth. One advantage of Roths is your money grows tax-free. You put money in after you've paid taxes on it, and no other taxes are levied on the account (assuming you don't withdraw your earnings early). Your money then grows tax free, which frees you from worrying about how your years of investment growth will be hit with taxes in retirement — a perk that 401(k)s and IRAs cannot provide.

"The Roth IRA removes the uncertainty of what future taxes can do to your retirement account," said Ed Slott, a certified public accountant and founder of IRAHelp.com.

When you retire, your Roth earnings will be exempt from taxes, while your traditional 401(k) earnings won't be.

2. Flexibility as you save. Another big benefit of Roths is you can withdraw your contributions anytime, without taxes or penalties. If you pull out investment earnings early, however, you'll owe taxes and penalties on that money.

In fact, a Roth IRA can act as a backup emergency fund. For immediate emergencies, you want money in a savings account, not the stock market. But in the event of a long-term job loss, for example, having a Roth can be a blessing.

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3. Tax diversification. Once you reach retirement, you might be grateful that your Roth lets you manage your tax bill at a time when your income is less flexible.

Given the taxes that you will owe on traditional 401(k) and IRA payouts, tax-free money from your Roth can act as a buffer that lets you avoid a higher tax bracket.

The experts call it "tax diversification." When you're retired, if your traditional 401(k) or IRA withdrawals are about to bump you into a higher tax bracket, yet you still need more money, you can withdraw from your Roth.

Your tax-free Roth withdrawals also can help reduce taxes on your Social Security benefits. Depending on your income, either 50 or 85 percent of your Social Security benefits may be subject to tax. The calculation is based on a specific income threshold. If your income is over that amount by just one dollar, you may get bumped into paying taxes on more of your benefits.

But taking income from a Roth rather than a traditional IRA or 401(k) may prevent you from hitting that higher threshold where 85 percent of your benefits are taxed.

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Andrea Coombes

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