To cheer himself up he went downstairs to his basement turned on a single dim light lowered the blinds sat down on the floor opened an old wooden box [optional serial comma] and dumped his comma collection onto the floor.

Wow he noted the previous sentence has a lot of missing commas! Not counting the serial or Oxford comma between "box" and "and" his column was now missing 10.

If you're reading his column on hard copy he suggests you mark it up (that makes 11). And if you need a quick review of comma rules before you read on he recommends you do as he did: Google "FAQ punctuation" (where you'll find this column with all 26 of its missing commas).

He knew that nonrestrictive clauses (or clauses that describe) do take commas and that restrictive clauses (or clauses that define) do not take commas so he would not have placed a comma after the word "columnist" and before the restrictive who-clause in the second sentence of his column (even if he had remembered to use commas). And now he was missing 13 (not counting the optional comma between "commas" and "and" in this paragraph).

Knowing that his readers (the few who were still reading his column) were choking over the words "nonrestrictive" and "restrictive" which he used in the previous paragraph he opened an envelope marked "Top Secret" and unfolded a musty sheet of yellowed paper where he read "Follow these instructions." (That makes 17, including two missing nonrestrictive commas before the words "which" and "where" in this paragraph.)

According to the musty sheet of yellowed paper which apparently no one had read in many years you should use nonrestrictive commas to mark nonessential clauses that describe (as in the preceding which-clause) and you should omit commas before restrictive clauses that define the person or thing referred to. (Counting the two missing commas in this parenthetical sentence there are another five for a total of 22 so far.)

Here's an example of a sentence with a missing nonrestrictive comma before a nonessential clause: "I read his column which was supposed to cheer me up." (That makes 23.) Here's an example of a sentence that requires no comma before a restrictive clause: "I read the column that was supposed to cheer me up."

Edified by the seven punctuation rules he found when he googled "FAQ punctuation" strengthened by the exercises he did when he followed the link to "Avoiding common punctuation errors" [optional serial comma] and fortified by the list of 12 common punctuation errors that he also found there he dashed upstairs.

"This is my world!" he exclaimed throwing open his front door and stepping outside. "I'm not going to hide!"

Stephen Wilbers offers training seminars in effective business writing. E-mail him at wilbe004@umn.edu. His website is www.wilbers.com.