This image provided by the Nevada Historical Society shows the famous group portrait taken in Fort Worth, Texas, shortly after Butch Cassidy and his gang robbed the Einnemucca, Nev., bank in 1900. They sent the photo to the bank with a thank you note. Shown are Bill Carver, top left, the Sundance Kid, bottom left, and Butch Cassidy, bottom right. The other two members of the gang are not identified. A collector of rare books and documents has obtained a manuscript with new evidence that Butch Cassidy wasn't killed in a 1908 shootout in Bolivia but returned to the U.S. and lived on in Washington State for almost three decades.

Theoretically, “Bandit Heaven” is about three bandit havens — Robbers Roost, Brown’s Hole and Hole in the Wall — in Wyoming and Utah. Canyons with only one way in, easily guarded by a few men from perches high above any approaches, they provided refuge for criminals on the run.

According to author Tom Clavin, these three were the most important in a series of hideouts along what was known as the Outlaw Trail, which stretched from Canada to Mexico.

The book is less about the sanctuaries, though, than the men who frequented them in the late 19th century. It was a lawless time — on both sides. Yes, there was Kid Curry, who, like Johnny Cash (in song), would shoot a man just to watch him die.

But there were also sheriffs who didn’t wait for trials to gun down miscreants and vigilantes like the mob wearing masks that “burst into the calaboose” to grab and hang George “Big Nose” Parrott.

Author Clavin brings that era alive with stories about those complicated folks. Consider Tom Horn, who wrote in “Life of Tom Horn: Government Scout and Interpreter, Written by Himself”: “Killing Men is my specialty. I look at it as a business proposition, and I think I have a corner on the market.”

Horn was a cavalry scout, a peace officer and a Pinkerton operative. Interestingly, he wrote his memoir while in jail, waiting to be hanged for killing a teenager.

Or Tom McCarty, who uttered a line that would find its way into hundreds of Hollywood westerns: “They’ll never take me alive.”

Or Joe Walker, who agreed to a “time out” during a gun battle with a wounded deputy sheriff. Brought the deputy some water and then left.

Or Butch Cassidy, who raised money for A friend’s legal defense fund by robbing a bank.

Cassidy, incidentally, almost went straight. After the famous Wilcox train robbery, Union Pacific officials nearly reached an agreement to sign him on as a railroad marshall. But a violent storm kept officials from a meeting that would have finalized all.

Bandit Heaven (St. Martin's)

“Bandit Heaven” is also about the end of an era. By the first decade of the 20th Century, the West grew less wild. Law enforcement became better organized. Communications improved, so it became possible to alert surrounding communities about fleeing robbers. People moved west, leaving fewer places to hide. Gunmen died. Civilization intruded.

The book is chockablock full of history and well-told tales that make it a fun read. There also was one, I’m certain, unintended consequence. The entire time I read, I couldn’t help thinking of the time when I was a cowboy and I shot bad guys with my pointer and middle fingers (after cocking my thumb).

You know, before civilization intruded.

Curt Schleier is a critic in New Jersey.

Bandit Heaven: The Hole-in-the-Wall Gangs and the Final Chapter of the Wild West

By: Tom Clavin.

Publisher: St. Martin’s Press. 287 pages. $30.