Should the bureaucrats get back to their desks?

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Never underestimate Washington's ability to turn an apolitical issue into a partisan battle. The latest example is something called the Show Up Act, which stands for Stopping Home Office Work's Unproductive Problems.

The bill passed the House on a virtually party-line vote, with only one Republican against and only three Democrats for. It would require federal agencies to return to their pre-pandemic telework levels, effectively ignoring the new normal of the hybrid workplace. It also doesn't stand a chance in the Democratic Senate.

Nonetheless, the floor debate was heated. Republicans blamed bureaucratic backlogs on pandemic-era remote work policies. They accused Democrats of supporting dysfunctional government and alleged that President Joe Biden can't submit his budget on time because too many staffers are working from home. Democrats, for their part, charged that Republicans don't like federal workers and want to roll back the clock as they do with other issues.

Hyperbole aside, the federal government is playing catch-up with the private sector. And Congress is making its job harder than it needs to be.

Numbers are hard to come by, but it's clear that federal workers have not come back to the office in the same numbers as those in the private sector. By one measure, only 5% of the federal workforce in the region was regularly in the office at the end of 2022. That number comes from the real estate firm Cushman & Wakefield, citing data from the General Services Administration. Another figure, from an October poll by the U.S. Office of Personnel Management (OPM), is that 1 in 3 federal workers were regularly coming into the office.

Overall, about 47% of the capital region's workers went into the office the last week of January, according to data from Kastle Systems, which tracks security-badge swipes.

It's hit the economy of the capital hard — there are some 280,000 federal workers in the region, about 141,000 in Washington itself. The city's tax revenue is down, stores are closed, and subway ridership is low.

In his State of the Union address last year, President Joe Biden pledged that with COVID receding, "the vast majority of federal workers will once again work in person." But policies vary among agencies, and the OPM has failed to update its guidelines about remote work.

That's more than just a bureaucratic oversight. With the unemployment rate at its lowest level in more than half a century, workers have leverage. Federal workers may find more appealing opportunities, and more clear work-from-home policies, in the private sector.

According to Nick Bloom, a Stanford economist, roughly 59% of full-time U.S. workers are fully on-site — they are front-line employees, mostly non-college graduates and lower paid. There are 28% in hybrid roles, who tend to be professionals and managers. Fully remote workers are about 13% of the workforce, and in more specialized roles.

It would make sense, Bloom says, for a lot of civil servants to work from home two or three days per week, mimicking what the private sector does.

But with Congress playing politics with workplace policies, that will be difficult. On the House floor last week, Rep. Glenn Grothman, R-Wis., complained that "the vast majority of people" in his district — he cited some cheese-factory workers — had to go to work through the pandemic. So he didn't want to hear "how horrible it is for federal workers to have to go in" to the office.

But hundreds of thousands of federal workers are eligible for retirement in the next few years, notes Rep. Gerry Connolly, D-Va., and the government has to be able to recruit talent. "How often have we heard our Republican friends say we should run government like a business?" he asks. Now they need to give it the flexibility to compete.

"I absolutely believe we all have to return to work and get to a standard of normalcy," Connolly told me from his home office, in between various Zoom meetings. "But it has to be different from what it was before the pandemic."

Julianna Goldman is a Bloomberg Opinion columnist who was formerly a Washington-based correspondent for CBS News and White House correspondent for Bloomberg News and Bloomberg Television.